What are the erits of permanent settlement of land revenue

answer:

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ANSWER

In order to get a stable revenue income, most of the East India Company’s officials believed that investment in land had to be encouraged and agriculture had to be improved. Debates on how this was to be done led to the introduction of the Permanent Settlement in 1793.

The aim of this settlement was to ensure a regular flow of revenue for the Company.

As per the settlement, rajas and taluqdars were recognised as zamindars.

They were asked to collect rent from the peasants and pay revenue to the Company.

The amount to be paid was fixed permanently and it was not to be increased ever in the future.

The Company believed that as the revenue amount was fixed, the zamindars would benefit by investing in land improvement, which would in turn lead to increased production.

If the zamindars failed to pay the revenue, which they usually did as the fixed revenue was very high, they lost their zamindari.

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Demerits of the Permanent Settlement:

a)The Permanent Settlement adversely affected the income of the company as the revenue was fixed quite on the low side due to lack of proper measurement.

b)It benefited only the landlords and the condition of the farmers could not be improved as much as was expected.

Explanation:

In order to get a stable revenue income, most of the East India Company’s officials believed that investment in land had to be encouraged and agriculture had to be improved. Debates on how this was to be done led to the introduction of the Permanent Settlement in 1793.

The aim of this settlement was to ensure a regular flow of revenue for the Company.

As per the settlement, rajas and taluqdars were recognised as zamindars.

They were asked to collect rent from the peasants and pay revenue to the Company.

The amount to be paid was fixed permanently and it was not to be increased ever in the future.

The Company believed that as the revenue amount was fixed, the zamindars would benefit by investing in land improvement, which would in turn lead to increased production.

If the zamindars failed to pay the revenue, which they usually did as the fixed revenue was very high, they lost their zamindari.

Explanation:

Merits :

i. It secured a fixed and stable income for the state.

ii. Expenses of frequent assessment of lands were secured.

iii. It increased trade, industry, commerce etc.

Demerits :

i. The immediate effect of the permanent settlement on the zamindars was disastrous. Many of them could not realize the land revenue from their tenants and consequently could not pay the money to the Government in time. The result was that their lands were sold.

ii.Contrary to the expectations, the landlords did not take much interest in the development of their lands. They became merely absentee landlords living in Calcutta or at the district towns on the income derived from the tenants. It has rightly been pointed out that although Cornwallis intended to create a class of English landlords in Bengal, what he actually created was a class of Irish landlords.

Permanent settlement - 1793 :

→ Introduce by Charles Cornwallis in 1793

→ Rajas and Taluqdars Considered as zamindars they collect Revenue from peasants & Pay to the company

→ Amount to be fixed was permanent.

Problems :

→ The zamindars were in fact not in the improvememt of land.

The following are the merits and demerits of the permanent settlement:

Merits:

1. With the introduction of Permanent Settlement, the condition of peasants began to improve and their fields began growing rich crops.

2. The development of agriculture influenced trade and commerce of the nation. Consequently, Bengal became one of the most prosperous regions in India.

3. It removed the problem of fixing up revenue annually. Moreover, the fixed revenue saved the peasants from the exploitation of the landlords.

Demerits:

1. Since the revenue was fixed it adversely affected the income of the company.

2. This settlement affected the landlords adversely because if they failed to deposit the fixed amount of revenue to the company their land was sold off.

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