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\bold{1. \: \: tsunamis}1.tsunamis
1) are killer waves or giant waves generated by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or underwater landslides .
it can raise to 15 metres or more in height .
when earthquakes occur in the sea and ocean the sea waves rise to several metres and may reach the coast a few minutes .
the danger period of tsunami can continue for many hours after a major earthquake .
tsunami wave travel at the speed of 500 km per hour and speed increases when it approaches the continents .
the term " tsunami " has been coined from the japanese word "tsu" means harbour and " nami "means waves .
in india tsunami warning centres has been set up at hyderabad .
a killer tsunami south east asian countries on the 26th december of 2004 killing more than 1,50,000 lives .
the emotional economic and ecological toll of the disaster cannot be calculated .
many villages have lost entire generation .
was the biggest tsunami to the world in 40 years .
no one could have thought that its effect would ripple worldwide overnight .
a tsunami travels at a speed of about 500 to 1,000 kilometres per hour.
however, its speed reduces when it enters the shallow coastal waters .
it is then that the height of tsunami waves increases .
when a tsunami wave reaches the coast, it appears as the wall of water .
with its tremendous energy, the fast moving wave can crush houses and other structures in the coastal areas .
\bold{2. \: \: mitigation}2.mitigation
❉ people should be aware of the information given by the tsunami warning centre located at hyderabad in india .
❉ people should vacate the coastal areas as soon as the tsunami warning is released .
❉ seriously injured persons should be given immediately first aid .
❉ fisherman should not go for .
❉ we should not assume only the first wave is dangerous whereas the successive waves could be more dangerous.
\bold{precautions}precautions
❉ in some cases, the sea water may recede up to 800 m from the coast before a tsunami strikes the area . do not enter temporary dry area, as the sea water may come back soon .
❉ know the height of your street above sea level and the distance from the coast . the areas of great risk are less than 10 metres above sea level and 2 km from the coast .
❉ prepare a plan of the evacuation route from your house, school or workplace and find an area about 30 metres above sea level . you should be able to reach a safe location in 15 minutes .
❉ the tsunami warning systems should be installed in -risk zones .
\bold{3. \: \: where \: it \: occurs \: } \: 3.whereitoccurs
tsunamis mostly occur in the pacific ocean and indonesia .
\bold{4. \: \: how \: it \: is \: caused ? }4.howitiscaused?
❉ a tsunami develops when a large mass of water is displaced . can be caused by an undersea earthquake or a volcanic eruption . when an undersea earthquake occurs it causes large areas of the sea floor to rise or subside . leads to the occurrence of huge waves .
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